What is High Blood Pressure?
High blood pressure is called the silent killer for a good reason. Often there are no apparent symptoms, while damage may be taking place that could lead to cardiovascular disease, stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, or permanent vision loss.
According to the latest data put out by the Centers for Disease Control, over one-third of all adults in the United States have high blood pressure. That’s over 75 million individuals, some without proper diagnosis or treatment.
Blood pressure is simply the force of blood pushing against and moving through arteries. Like the water that rushes down a river bed, it can interfere with the surrounding tissue causing wear and tear from the constant pounding on the endothelium tissue. In the arteries, this becomes an inflammatory response along with oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. All of these factors may lead to high blood pressure.
Diagnostically, blood pressure is defined by taking a measurement when the heart muscle contracts called systolic and then again in between heartbeats when the heart is at rest called diastolic.
A measurement of 120/80 or slightly lower is normal. Whereas a reading of 140/90 or higher is considered to be too high. Finally, according to the 2017 American Heart Association guidelines, any blood pressure readings that reach or exceed 180/120 are an emergency condition, and the patient should seek immediate medical care.
The two different types of high blood pressure are primary and secondary. Primary high blood pressure is the most common type of hypertension. Approximately 95% of those with high blood pressure suffer from this type. Most people acquire primary hypertension as they age.
Secondary high blood pressure is from a specific contributing disorder such as kidney disease or a medication.
For most people having high blood pressure is a chronic disorder that may have started in their teenage years or before. It is vital to diagnose high blood pressure early and prevent it.