RA symptoms typically come and go from total remission to a massive flare-up signaling pain and inflammation.
Joint cartilage serves to prevent friction between bones. It acts as a shock absorber allowing joint movement to occur more smoothly and without pain. With Rheumatoid Arthritis comes a great deal of inflammation, causing the cartilage to break down and wear away. Eventually, joints may fuse to protect against further erosion. Other common symptoms include:
- Joint inflammation, swelling, redness, stiffness
- Pain may be worse in the morning
- Fatigue (sleeping a lot)
- Not feeling well
- Poor appetite
- Fever
Rheumatoid arthritis increases the risk of having other disorders:
- Osteoporosis-a condition of brittle bones that may become weak and fracture
- Sjogren’s syndrome-an autoimmune disorder causing dry mouth and dry eyes
- An overall increase in infections
- An increase in measured body fat percentage
- Carpal tunnel syndrome-an increase in pressure on the nerve that serves the wrist causing pain and lack of movement in the wrist joint
- Cardiovascular disorders-RA can increase the inflammation surrounding the heart
- Lung disease-RA can lead to an increase in inflammation of the lung tissue causing shortness of breath
How is Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosed?
Rheumatoid Arthritis can be challenging to diagnose in the early stages because it can mimic other diseases. Your healthcare provider should examine your joints for range of movement and flexibility, redness, swelling, and muscle strength. Blood and imaging tests should be ordered from a medical laboratory, including:
- An Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)-may indicate inflammation
- C-reactive Protein (CRP)-may indicate systemic inflammation
- Rheumatoid Factor-measures rheumatoid proteins in your blood
- Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) an antibody in most rheumatoid arthritis patients
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may look for the severity of systemic tissue damage
- X-Ray-can look and track the progression of arthritis in the joints and surrounding structures
What is the Conventional Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Both researchers and clinicians agree that there is no cure for Rheumatoid Arthritis. However, remission is a real goal which will keep symptoms low and the patient comfortable without pain or flare-ups.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) can be used to dampen inflammation and pain. NSAIDS are over the counter medications. Their side effects include gut inflammation and kidney disease.
Corticosteroids like prednisone are prescribed to lower inflammation, pain, and slow down joint damage. Their side effects include thinning of bones, gaining excess weight, and diabetes type 2 disorder.Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) include methotrexate, which is used to slow down the inflammatory and joint destructive processes.
Biological Medications are also known as biological response modifiers include Humira and Embrel. These drugs are selective at making specific changes in the pathways of the immune system. The intended outcome is to lower inflammation and joint damage. Side effects include an increase in infections and the possibility of blood clots in the lungs.
Physical therapy may be prescribed to learn new exercises that may strengthen the affected area and benefit the surrounding tissue. Surgery is the last step if all of the above measures fail. The surgical removal of inflamed synovial tissue that surrounds the joint is termed a splenectomy.
If a tendon becomes weakened or tears, then tendon surgery may be required. Surgery may be required to fuse joints whenever a joint replacement is not appropriate.
A joint replacement is the last measure to repair the inflammatory damage of Rheumatoid Arthritis. The necrotic or damaged joint is surgically removed and replaced with a prosthesis which may be made from metal and plastic. The number of total hip and knee replacement surgeries are on the increase as the number of RA and osteoarthritis patients is increasingly multiplying.